My research interests are focused around various topics, including the computational and mathematical modelling of human timing and memory; categorisation, identification, and word recognition; and the interface between economic psychology, cognitive science, and psychophysics.
Time and Memory.
In the area of human timing, principal collaborators are Teresa McCormack, and Trevor Penney. In human memory, our oscillator-based model of human memory for serial order (developed with Tim Preece and Charles Hulme) has been applied to memory for serial order in children and elderly adults (with Elizabeth Maylor, Teresa McCormack, and Janet Vousden).
Janet and I have shown (with Trevor Harley) that the same basic model architecture can account for many of the characteristic errors in speech production. The research has led to a more recent focus on the relation between timing and memory (with Teresa McCormack, Caroline Morin and Stephan Lewandowsky). An additional current research focus is on scale invariance in psychology in general (collaborative with Nick Chater), and in particular on the formulation of a model of memory in which the same interference-based principles govern forgetting over both short and long timescales (collaborative with Ian Neath and Nick Chater).
Categorisation, identification, and lexical processing.
Our models of identification and categorisation (Neil Stewart and Nick Chater) emphasise the role of difference information, rather than absolute stimulus magnitudes, in identifying and categorising simple stimuli. This line of work has also led to the "Decision by Sampling" model described below.
James Adelman and I have recently been working on models of word recognition. We have in particular suggested that the contextual diversity of a word (the range of different contexts that the word occurs in), rather than the word's frequency, determines the speed with which that word can be processed.
Economic and Consumer Psychology. In the general area of economic psychology, Jing Qian and I are applying a model developed in psychophysics, Parducci's Range Frequency Theory, to perception of economic quantities such as prices, earnings, and win probabilities. With Andrew Oswald, we are using similar models, and a more general model of which Range Frequency Theory is a special case, to predict employees' wage satisfaction (see working paper on rank effects in wage satisfaction) and the relationship between economic factors and happiness more generally. We have also argued that Range Frequency Theory offers a potential explanation of the inverse-S shaped probability weighting function of Prospect Theory.
Neil Stewart, Nick Chater and I have recently developed the related Decision by Sampling model, according to which judgements of economic magnitudes emerge from ordinal binary comparisons between remembered and to-be-judged quantities.
1977-1980
BA, Philosophy & Psychology: The Queen's College, University of Oxford.
1980-1983
DPhil., Psychology: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Sussex.
1983-1987
Senior Research Officer: School of Linguistics, University of Essex.
1987-1991
Lecturer: Department of Psychology, University of Wales, Bangor.
1991-1994
Senior Lecturer: Department of Psychology, University of Wales, Bangor.
1994-
Professor: Department of Psychology, University of Warwick.
2005-2006
Visiting Professor: Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong.
2007-2009
Programmatic Distinguished Visitor: Department of Psychology, University of Western Australia.
Boyce, C.J., Brown, G.D.A., & Moore, S.C. (in press). Money and happiness: Rank of income, not income, affects life satisfaction. Psychological Science, 00, 000-000.
Brown, G.D.A., & Lewandowsky, S. (in press). Forgetting in memory models: Arguments against trace decay and consolidation failure. In S. Della Sala (Ed.), Forgetting (pp. 000-000). Psychology Press.
Lewandowsky, S., Oberauer, K., & Brown, G.D.A. (2009). Response to Altmann: Adaptive forgetting by decay or removal of STM contents? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 280-281.
Lewandowsky, S., Brown, G.D.A, & Thomas, J.L. (2009). Traveling economically through memory space: Characterizing output order in memory for serial order. Memory & Cognition, 37, 181-193.
Lewandowsky, S., Oberauer, K., & Brown, G.D.A. (2009). Response to Barrouillet & Camos: Interference or decay in working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 146-147.
Lewandowsky, S., Oberauer, K., & Brown, G.D.A. (2009). No temporal decay in verbal short-term memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 120-126.
Brown, G.D.A., Vousden, J.I., & McCormack, T. (2009). Memory retrieval as temporal discrimination. Journal of Memory and Language, 60, 194-208.
Adelman, J.S., & Brown, G.D.A. (2008). Methods of testing and diagnosing model error: Dual and single route cascaded models of reading aloud. Journal of Memory and Language, 59, 524-544.
Zou, D., Brown, G.D.A., Zhao, P., & Dong, S. (2008) 概率权重函数形状的成因：二元比较任务中的发现. [The shape of the probability weighting function: Findings from binary comparison.] 营销科学学报 [Journal of Marketing Science; Tsinghua University], 4, 56-69.
Brown, G.D.A., Chater, N., & Neath, I. (2008). Serial and free recall: Common effects and common mechanisms? A reply to Murdock (2008). Psychological Review, 115, 781-785.
Brown, G.D.A., Gardner, J., Oswald, A.J., & Qian, J. (2008). Does wage rank affect employees' well-being? Industrial Relations, 47, 355-389.
Chater, N., & Brown, G.D.A. (2008). From universal laws of cognition to specific cognitive models. Cognitive Science, 32, 36-47.
Adelman, J.S., & Brown, G.D.A. (2008). Modeling lexical decision: The form of frequency and diversity effects. Psychological Review, 115, 214-227.
Adelman, J.S., & Brown, G.D.A. (2008). Postscript: Deviations from the predictions of serial search. Psychological Review, 115, 228-229.
Lewandowsky, S., Nimmo, S., & Brown, G.D.A. (2008). When temporal isolation benefits memory for serial order. Journal of Memory and Language, 58, 415-428.
Lewandowsky, S., Wright, T., & Brown, G.D.A. (2007). The interpretation of temporal isolation effects. In N. Osaka, R. H. Logie, & M. D'Esposito (Eds.), The cognitive neuroscience of working memory (pp. 137-152). Oxford University Press.
Adelman, J.S., & Brown, G.D.A. (2007). Phonographic neighbors, not orthographic neighbors, determine word naming latencies. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 455-459.
Brown, G.D.A., Neath, I., & Chater, N. (2007). A temporal ratio model of memory. Psychological Review, 114, 539-576.
Brown, G.D.A., Della Sala, S., Foster, J.K., & Vousden, J.I. (2007). Amnesia, rehearsal, and temporal distinctiveness models of recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 256-260.
Neath, I., & Brown, G.D.A. (2007). Making distinctiveness models of memory distinct. In J.S. Nairne (Ed.), The foundations of remembering: Essays in honor of Henry L. Roediger III (pp. 125-140). New York: Psychology Press.
Surprenant, A.M., Neath, I., & Brown, G.D.A. (2006). Modeling age-related differences in immediate memory using SIMPLE. Journal of Memory and Language, 55, 572-586.
Brown, G.D.A., Morin, C., & Lewandowsky, S. (2006). Evidence for time-based models of free recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 717-723.
Neath, I., & Brown, G.D.A. (2006). Further applications of a local distinctiveness model of memory. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 46, 201-243.
Adelman, J.S., Brown, G.D.A., & Quesada, J.F. (2006). Contextual diversity, not word frequency, determines word-naming and lexical decision times. Psychological Science, 17, 814-823.
Hulme, C., Neath, I., Stuart, G., Shostak, L., Surprenant, A.M., & Brown, G.D.A. (2006). The distinctiveness of the word-length effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 586-594.
Brown, G.D.A., & McCormack, T. (2006). The role of time in human memory and binding: A review of the evidence. In H.D. Zimmer, A. Mecklinger, & U. Lindenberger (Eds.), Binding in human memory: A neurocognitive approach (pp. 251-290). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Brock, J., Brown, G.D.A., & Boucher, J. (2006). Free recall in Williams syndrome: Is there a dissociation between short- and long-term memory? Cortex, 42, 366-375.
Stewart, N., Chater, N., & Brown, G.D.A. (2006). Decision by sampling. Cognitive Psychology, 53, 1-26.
Lewandowsky, S., Brown, G.D.A., Wright, T., & Nimmo, L.M. (2006). Timeless memory: Evidence against temporal distinctiveness models of short term memory for serial order. Journal of Memory and Language, 54, 20-38.
Neath, I., Brown, G.D.A., McCormack, T., Chater, N., & Freeman, R. (2006). Distinctiveness models of memory and absolute identification: Evidence for local, not global, effects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 121-135.
Stewart, N., Brown, G.D.A., & Chater, N. (2005). Absolute identification by relative judgment. Psychological Review, 112, 881-911.
Brown, G.D.A., McCormack, T., Smith, M., & Stewart, N. (2005). Identification and bisection of temporal durations and tone frequencies: Common models for temporal and non-temporal stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 919-938.
Stewart, N., & Brown, G.D.A. (2005). Similarity and dissimilarity as evidence in perceptual categorization. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 49, 403-409.
Qian, J., & Brown, G.D.A. (2005). Similarity-based sampling: Testing a model of price psychophysics. Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1785-1790). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
McCormack, T., Wearden, J.H., Smith, M.C., & Brown, G.D.A. (2005). Episodic temporal generalisation: A developmental study. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 693-704.
Lewandowsky, S., & Brown, G.D.A. (2005). Serial recall and presentation schedule: A micro-analysis of local distinctiveness. Memory, 13, 283-292.
Neath, I., Brown, G.D.A., Poirier, M., & Fortin, C. (2005). Short-term and working memory: Past, progress, and prospects. Memory, 13, 225-235.
Seabrook, R., Brown, G.D.A., & Solity, J.E. (2005). Distributed and massed practice: From laboratory to classroom. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 19, 107-122.
Lewandowsky, S., Duncan, M., & Brown, G.D.A. (2004). Time does not cause forgetting in short-term serial recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 771-790.
Elvevåg, B., Brown, G.D.A., McCormack, T., Vousden, J.I., & Goldberg, T.E. (2004). Identification of tone duration, line length and letter position: An experimental approach to timing and working memory deficits in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 509-521.
Cowan, N., Saults, J.S., & Brown, G.D.A. (2004). On the auditory modality superiority effect in serial recall: Separating input and output factors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, 639-644.
Stewart, N., & Brown, G.D.A. (2004). Sequence effects in the categorization of tones varying in frequency. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, 416-430.
McCormack, T., Brown, G.D.A., Smith, M.C., & Brock, J. (2004). A timing-specific memory distortion effect in young children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 87, 33-56.
Brown, G.D.A., & Chater, N. (2004). Connectionist models of children's reading. In T. Nunes & P.E. Bryant (Eds.), Handbook of Children's Literacy (pp. 67-89). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Hulme, C., Stuart, G., Brown, G.D.A., & Morin, C. (2003). High- and low-frequency words are recalled equally well in alternating lists: Evidence for associative effects in serial recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 49, 500-518.
Elvevåg, B., McCormack, T., Gilbert, A., Brown, G.D.A., Weinberger, D.R., & Goldberg, T.E. (2003). Duration judgments in patients with schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 33, 1249-1261.
Brown, G.D.A., & Lamberts, K. (2003). Double dissociations, models, and serial position curves. Cortex, 39, 148-152.
McCormack, T., Brown, G.D.A., Maylor, E.A., Richardson, L.B.N., & Darby, R.J. (2002). Effects of aging on absolute identification of duration. Psychology and Aging, 17, 363-378. [abstract]
Stewart, N., Brown, G.D.A., & Chater, N. (2002). Sequence effects in categorization of simple perceptual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28, 3-11.
Maylor, E.A., Chater, N., & Brown, G.D.A. (2001). Scale invariance in the retrieval of retrospective and prospective memories. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 162-167. [abstract]
Brown, G.D.A., & Chater, N. (2001). The chronological organization of memory: Common psychological foundations for remembering and timing. In C. Hoerl & T. McCormack (Eds.), Time and memory: Issues in philosophy and psychology (pp. 77-110). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Vousden, J.I., Brown, G.D.A., & Harley, T.A. (2000). Serial control of phonology in speech production: A hierarchical model. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 101-175. [abstract]
Brown, G.D.A., Preece, T., & Hulme, C. (2000). Oscillator-based memory for serial order. Psychological Review, 107, 127-181. [abstract]
McCormack, T., Brown, G.D.A., & Vousden, J., & Henson, R.N.A. (2000). Children's serial recall errors: Implications for theories of short-term memory development. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 76, 222-252. [abstract]
Neath, I., Brown, G.D.A., Poirier, M., & Fortin C. (Eds.) (1999). Short-term/Working Memory. Psychology Press.
Neath, I., Brown, G.D.A., Poirier, M., & Fortin C. (1999). Short-term/Working Memory: An overview. International Journal of Psychology, 34, 273-275.
Maylor, E.A., Vousden, J., & Brown, G.D.A. (1999). Adult age differences in short-term memory for serial order: Data and a model. Psychology and Aging, 14, 572-594. [abstract]
Hulme, C., Newton, P., Cowan, N., Stuart, G., & Brown, G. (1999). Think before you speak: Pauses, memory search and trace redintegration processes in verbal memory span. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25, 447-463.
Brown, G.D.A., Vousden, J.I., McCormack, T., & Hulme, C. (1999). The development of memory for serial order: A temporal - contextual distinctiveness model. International Journal of Psychology, 34, 389-402. [abstract]
McCormack, T., Brown, G.D.A., Maylor, E.A., Darby, R.J., & Green, D. (1999). Developmental changes in time estimation: Comparing childhood and old age. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1143-1155. [abstract]
Chater, N., & Brown, G.D.A. (1999). Scale invariance as a unifying psychological principle. Cognition, 69, B17-B24. [abstract]
Brown, G.D.A., & Deavers, R.P. (1999). Units of analysis in nonword reading: Evidence from children and adults. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 73, 208-242.
Brown, G.D.A., & Vousden, J.I. (1998). Adaptive analysis of sequential behaviour: Oscillators as rational mechanisms. In M. Oaksford & N. Chater (Eds.), Rational models of cognition (pp. 165-193). Oxford, England: OUP.
Metsala, J.L., & Brown, G.D.A. (1998). Normal and dyslexic reading development: The role of formal models. In R.M. Joshi & C.Hulme (Eds.), Reading and spelling: Development and disorders (pp. 235-262). Mahwah, NJ: LEA.
Brown, G.D.A. (1998). The endpoint of reading instruction: The ROAR model. In J.L. Metsala & L.C. Ehri (Eds.), Word recognition in beginning literacy (pp. 121-138). Mahwah, NJ: LEA.
Vousden, J., & Brown, G.D.A. (1998). To repeat or not to repeat: The time course of response suppression in sequential behaviour. In: J. A. Bullinaria, D. W. Glasspool, & G. Houghton (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop: Connectionist representations (pp. 301-315). London: Springer-Verlag.
Metsala, J.L., Stanovich, K.E., & Brown, G.D.A. (1998). Regularity effects and the phonological deficit model of reading disabilities: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 279-293.
Brown, G.D.A. (1997). Formal models of memory for serial order: a review. In M.A. Conway (Ed.), Cognitive models of memory (pp. 47-77). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
Brown, G.D.A. (1997). Connectionism, phonology, reading, and regularity in developmental dyslexia. Brain and Language, 59, 207-235.
Hulme, C., Roodenrys, S., Schweickert, R., Brown, G.D.A., Martin, S., & Stuart, G. (1997). Word frequency effects on short-term memory tasks: Evidence for a redintegration process in immediate serial recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 1217-1232.
Deavers, R.P., & Brown, G.D.A. (1997). Analogy-based strategies for nonword reading in dyslexia: Effects of task. Dyslexia, 3, 135-156.
Deavers, R.P., & Brown, G.D.A. (1997). Rules vs. Analogies in Children's Spelling: Evidence for Task Dependence. Reading and Writing, 9, 339-361.
Brown, G.D.A., Hulme, C., & Dalloz, P. (1996). Modelling human memory: Connectionism and convolution. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 49, 1-24.
Brown, G.D.A. & Hulme, C. (1996). Nonword repetition, STM, and word age-of-acquisition: A computational model. In S.E. Gathercole (Ed.), Models of short-term memory (pp. 129-148). Hove: LEA.
Brown, G.D.A., Dalloz, P., & Hulme, C. (1995). Mathematical and connectionist models of memory: A comparison. Memory, 3, 113-145.
Brown, G.D.A. & Loosemore, R. (1995). A computational approach to dyslexic reading and spelling. In C.K. Leong & R.M. Joshi (Eds.), Developmental and acquired dyslexia: Neuropsychological and neurolinguistic perspectives (pp. 195-219). Dordrecht: Kluwer Press.
Mitchell, I.J., Cooper, A.J., Brown, G.D.A., & Waters, C.M. (1995). Apoptosis of the neurons in the vestibular nucleus of the adult mouse is induced by prolonged rotation of the home cage. Journal of Physiology- London, 383, 34-35.
Brown, G.D.A., & Hulme, C. (1995). Modeling item length effects in memory span: No rehearsal needed? Journal of Memory and Language, 34, 594-621.
Hulme, C., Roodenrys, S., Brown, G., & Mercer, R. (1995). The role of long-term memory mechanisms in memory span. British Journal of Psychology, 86, 527-536.
Brown, G.D.A., Hulme, C., & Preece, T. (1995). Learning-to-learn in a connectionist network: The development of associative learning. In J.P. Levy, D. Bairaktaris, J.A. Bullinaria, & P. Cairns (Eds.), Connectionist models of memory and language (pp. 41-56). London: UCL Press.
Mitchell, I.J., Cooper, A.J., Brown, G.D.A. & Waters, C.M. (1995). Apoptosis of neurons in the vestibular nuclei of adult mice results from prolonged change in the external environment. Neuroscience Letters, 198, 153-156.
Brown, G.D.A., & Ellis, N.C. (Eds.) (1994). Handbook of spelling: Theory, process and application. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. (pp. xiv + 542).
Oaksford, M., & Brown, G.D.A. (Eds.) (1994). Neurodynamics and Psychology. London: Academic Press. (pp. xii + 392).
Brown, G.D.A., Britain, A.A., Elvevåg, B., & Mitchell, I.J. (1994). A computational approach to fronto-striatal dysfunction in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. In M. Oaksford & G.D.A. Brown (Eds.), Neurodynamics and psychology (pp. 35-82). London: Academic Press.
Oaksford, M., & Brown, G.D.A. (1994). Introduction to neurodynamics and psychology. In M. Oaksford & G.D.A. Brown (Eds.), Neurodynamics and psychology (pp. 1-10). London: Academic Press.
Brown, G.D.A., & Ellis, N.C. (1994). Issues in spelling research: An overview. In G.D.A. Brown & N.C. Ellis (Eds.), Handbook of spelling: Theory, process and application. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Glover, P., & Brown, G.D.A. (1994). Spelling production times: Methodology and tests of a model. In G.D.A. Brown & N.C. Ellis (Eds.), Handbook of spelling: Theory, process and application. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Brown, G.D.A., & Loosemore, R.P.W. (1994). Computational approaches to normal and impaired spelling. In G.D.A. Brown & N.C. Ellis (Eds.), Handbook of spelling: Theory, process and application. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Roodenrys, S., Hulme, C., Alban, J., Ellis, A., & Brown, G.D.A. (1994). Effects of word frequency and age of acquisition on short-term memory span. Memory & Cognition, 22, 695-701.
Brown, G.D.A., & Hulme, C. (1994). Connectionist models of human short-term memory. In O. Omidvar (Ed.), Progress in neural networks, Vol. 3 (pp. 99-135).Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Brown, G.D.A., & Watson, F.L. (1994). Spelling-to-sound translation in single word reading. British Journal of Psychology, 85, 181-202.
Brown, G.D.A. (1994). Connectionist models and dyslexia. BPS Education Section Review, 18(2), 74-80.
Brown, G.D.A., Hyland, P., & Hulme, C. (1994). The effects of varying memory vector size in a network that learns to learn. Proceedings of the World Congress on Computational Intelligence, IV, (pp. 2291-2296). Washington: IEEE Press.
Brown, G.D.A., Hulme, C., Hyland, P., & Mitchell, I.J. (1994). Programmed cell suicide in the developing nervous system: A functional neural network model. Cognitive Brain Research, 2, 71-75.
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