There is a growing interest in Cognitive Science in Buddhism as an anti-Cartesian approach. However, I argue that Buddhism cannot solve the problem of dualism. Neither its method of introspection, nor its theories result in a realisation of the non-existence of separate soul. In meditation the meditator attains higher and higher meditational levels, but the subjective self remains there, in the back. The ethymology of “vijñana” (consciousness) also suggests that its main characteristic is discrimination between subject and object, that is, the very concept of consciousness automatically implies dualism. The strongest monist endeavors e.g. Jogacara (“mind only”) School have failed: by observing consciousness, meta-levels appear that create a new dualism. Partly because of the influence of Hindu tantra, and of other archaic traditions (e.g. in Tibet) the notion of the soul reappears in its most ancestral form. According to the Sutras already the early Buddhist scholars were aware of this problem.